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Several variable capacitors are shown, there are many ways to think of a variable capacitor.
A variable capacitor is an open circuit to DC.
A variable capacitor is a short to AC (if the frequency is high enough.)
A variable capacitor placed across a varying signal smooths out the higher frequencies, more with increased capacitance less with decrease in capacitance.
A variable capacitor placed in series with a varying signal removes the lower frequencies, more with increased capacitance less with decrese in capacitance.
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A quick reminder click on the pictures and links.
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